When Claude Code loads it
Use when building or launching any public website, landing page, blog, docs or product page; when adding pages, metadata, generateMetadata, sitemap, robots, OG images or schema; when asked about SEO, AI SEO, GEO, AEO, llms.txt, rich results, or "why isn't my site showing in Google/ChatGPT"; or when `void seo` or `void geo` report findings.
Classic SEO is the foundation of GEO. Nearly all measurable AI-search visibility comes from being indexed, snippet-eligible and having complete raw HTML.
Canonical implementations live in templates/next/: src/site.config.ts (facts), src/content/pages.ts (page registry), src/lib/seo.ts (pageMetadata), src/lib/schema.ts + src/components/json-ld.tsx, src/app/{sitemap.ts,robots.ts,manifest.ts,opengraph-image.tsx}, src/app/llms.txt/route.ts, src/app/md/[...slug]/route.ts, next.config.ts (htmlLimitedBots, .md rewrites). Copy from there. The references hold the same code for other projects.
The 10 rules that matter most
- The raw HTML response is complete. Main content in reading order, full
, JSON-LD andlinks, without running JavaScript. OpenAI, Anthropic, Perplexity and Meta crawlers don't execute JS. - Exactly one
</code>, <code><meta name="description"></code> and absolute <code><link rel="canonical"></code> in <code><head></code> of the raw HTML</strong> on every indexable page. The canonical is self-referential and set per page, <strong>never in the root layout</strong>.</li> <li><strong>Real HTTP status codes.</strong> 200 for pages, 404 for unknown URLs (never a 200 "not found"), 301/308 for moves. In Next, call <code>notFound()</code> <strong>before</strong> any <code><Suspense></code>.</li> <li><strong>Keep metadata static</strong> (prerendered, or <code>'use cache'</code>). If a route must be request-time, add Googlebot and the AI bots to <code>htmlLimitedBots</code>, or Next streams title and canonical into <code><body></code>.</li> <li><strong>One metadata helper</strong> (<code>pageMetadata()</code>) for every page. Next merges metadata <strong>shallowly</strong>, so a page's <code>openGraph</code> silently drops the layout's <code>siteName</code>, <code>locale</code> and images.</li> <li><strong>One <code><h1></code> per page</strong> that matches the title's topic. Landmarks <code><header></code>, <code><nav></code>, <code><main></code>, <code><footer></code>; <code><article></code> for posts.</li> <li><strong>Structured data describes only what is visible and true.</strong> No invented ratings, reviews, prices or FAQs. One <code>@graph</code> with stable <code>@id</code>s. Escape <code><</code> in JSON-LD.</li> <li><strong>robots.txt separates training bots from retrieval bots.</strong> Blocking <code>GPTBot</code> is a business choice. Blocking <code>OAI-SearchBot</code>, <code>Claude-SearchBot</code> or <code>PerplexityBot</code> removes you from AI answers. Previews send <code>Disallow: /</code>.</li> <li><strong>Sitemap <code>lastModified</code> is the real content date</strong>, never <code>new Date()</code> or the build time. Exclude noindex, auth and utility routes.</li> <li><strong>Write to be quoted.</strong> Answer first, then evidence: numbers with units and dates, links to primary sources, named quotes. Keep key facts visible, not hidden in tabs or images.</li> </ol> <h2 id="the-four-readers-design-for-the-weakest"><a class="heading-anchor" href="#the-four-readers-design-for-the-weakest">The four readers (design for the weakest)</a></h2> <div class="table-wrap" tabindex="0" role="region" aria-label="Table 1"><table> <thead> <tr> <th>Reader</th> <th>Examples</th> <th>Runs JS?</th> <th>Needs</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody><tr> <td>Rendering search crawler</td> <td>Googlebot, Applebot</td> <td>Yes, deferred</td> <td>Raw <code><head></code> (canonical, robots) + rendered DOM</td> </tr> <tr> <td>HTML-only index crawler</td> <td>Bingbot (feeds Copilot and ChatGPT search), OAI-SearchBot, Claude-SearchBot, PerplexityBot</td> <td><strong>No</strong></td> <td>Everything in raw HTML</td> </tr> <tr> <td>User-triggered fetcher</td> <td>ChatGPT-User, Claude-User, Perplexity-User</td> <td>No</td> <td>Raw HTML; may ignore robots.txt</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Agent / coding tool</td> <td>Claude Code, Cursor, Codex</td> <td>No</td> <td>Clean HTML, <code>/llms.txt</code>, <code>.md</code> mirrors</td> </tr> </tbody></table></div> <p>Test: <code>curl -sA "GPTBot/1.4" https://site/page | grep -c "<main"</code>. If the text isn't there, it doesn't exist for most AI search.</p> <h2 id="must-ship-checklist-per-page-type"><a class="heading-anchor" href="#must-ship-checklist-per-page-type">Must-ship checklist per page type</a></h2> <div class="table-wrap" tabindex="0" role="region" aria-label="Table 2"><table> <thead> <tr> <th>Page</th> <th>Must emit</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody><tr> <td><strong>Root layout</strong></td> <td><code>metadataBase</code>; <code>title: { default, template: "%s | Brand" }</code>; description; <code>openGraph.siteName</code> + <code>locale</code>; <code>twitter.card: "summary_large_image"</code>; <code>robots.googleBot["max-image-preview"]: "large"</code>; <code>viewport.themeColor</code> (light/dark); <code><html lang></code>; landmarks; <code><link rel="describedby" href="/llms.txt"></code>. <strong>No canonical here.</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>Home</strong></td> <td><code>canonical: "/"</code>; Organization + WebSite in the <code>@graph</code> (on this page or emitted from the root layout); <code>opengraph-image</code>; one h1 naming what the product is and who it's for; first paragraph states it in 1–2 sentences</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>Content page</strong> (about, features, pricing)</td> <td><code>pageMetadata({ path, title, description })</code>; BreadcrumbList if nested; one h1; descriptive h2s; comparison <code><div class="table-wrap" tabindex="0" role="region" aria-label="Table 3"><table></code> where relevant</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>Article / blog post</strong></td> <td><code>pageMetadata({ type: "article", publishedTime, modifiedTime })</code>; BlogPosting + BreadcrumbList; visible byline + <code><time dateTime></code> "Updated" date matching JSON-LD; per-post <code>opengraph-image</code>; <code>.md</code> mirror; <code>generateStaticParams</code> + <code>dynamicParams = false</code> or <code>notFound()</code> before Suspense</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>Product / app / pricing</strong></td> <td>Product (buyable goods) or SoftwareApplication with the real, visible price. Add <code>aggregateRating</code> <strong>only</strong> when real ratings are shown on the page (without it SoftwareApplication is valid but not rich-result eligible). Prices in visible text</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>Docs page</strong></td> <td>TechArticle + BreadcrumbList; <code>.md</code> mirror advertised with <code>alternates.types["text/markdown"]</code>; listed in llms.txt; stable URLs; version in text</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>Author page</strong></td> <td>ProfilePage + Person with <code>sameAs</code>; linked from <code>Article.author.url</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>App / auth / search results</strong></td> <td><code>robots: { index: false, follow: true }</code>; not in sitemap, llms.txt or internal nav meant for crawlers; <code>/login</code> never canonicalizes to <code>/</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>Site-wide files</strong></td> <td><code>robots.ts</code> (preview guard + AI policy + <code>sitemap</code>), <code>sitemap.ts</code>, <code>llms.txt</code>, <code>manifest.ts</code>, <code>favicon.ico</code> <strong>plus</strong> <code>icon.png</code> (Google doesn't list SVG favicons), <code>apple-icon</code> 180×180, 404 page returning 404</td> </tr> </tbody></table></div> <h2 id="metadata-rules"><a class="heading-anchor" href="#metadata-rules">Metadata rules</a></h2> <ul> <li><strong>Title:</strong> unique, 10–60 chars, <code>Topic | Brand</code>. The brand name appears in every title; the home page uses an absolute tagline title (the helper does this for <code>path: "/"</code>). Don't put a plain string <code>title</code> in a nested <code>layout.tsx</code>: it resets the template for every child page.</li> <li><strong>Description:</strong> unique, 50–160 chars, a summary sentence rather than a keyword list. Fill it on every page.</li> <li><strong>Canonical:</strong> absolute (via <code>metadataBase</code>), no fragment, one URL form site-wide (https, one host, no trailing slash in Next's default). The same form in sitemap, internal links and hreflang. Never combine <code>noindex</code> with a cross-page canonical.</li> <li><strong>OG:</strong> <code>og:title</code>, <code>og:type</code>, <code>og:image</code> (1200×630 PNG/JPEG, absolute, ≤ 8 MB, not SVG), <code>og:url</code> = canonical, <code>og:site_name</code>, <code>og:locale</code>. Use the file convention <code>opengraph-image.tsx</code> per section or post. It also fills <code>twitter:image</code>.</li> <li><strong>Viewport:</strong> Next adds <code>width=device-width, initial-scale=1</code>. Never add <code>maximum-scale=1</code> or <code>user-scalable=no</code>.</li> <li><strong><code>keywords</code> meta is useless.</strong> Don't spend tokens on it.</li> <li>Don't set <code>nosnippet</code> or a low <code>max-snippet</code>; they also remove you from AI Overviews. Put <code>data-nosnippet</code> only on cookie banners and boilerplate.</li> <li>Uncompressed HTML < 1 MB (Googlebot stops at 2 MB, and the inlined RSC payload roughly doubles text weight).</li> </ul> <p>Recipes: <a class="code-link" href="/docs/seo/next-metadata"><code>references/next-metadata.md</code></a>.</p> <h2 id="next-js-16-traps-verified-on-16-3-5"><a class="heading-anchor" href="#next-js-16-traps-verified-on-16-3-5">Next.js 16 traps (verified on 16.3.5)</a></h2> <div class="table-wrap" tabindex="0" role="region" aria-label="Table 4"><table> <thead> <tr> <th>Trap</th> <th>Symptom</th> <th>Fix</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody><tr> <td><strong>Streaming metadata.</strong> A request-time <code>generateMetadata</code> (using <code>cookies()</code>, <code>headers()</code>, <code>connection()</code> or uncached fetches) streams <code><title></code>/canonical into <code><body></code> for every UA not in <code>htmlLimitedBots</code>. The default list has <strong>no AI bots and no Googlebot</strong>. Google only accepts canonical in <code><head></code>. Suspense content arrives in <code><div hidden id="S:n"></code>, out of order</td> <td><code>curl -A GPTBot</code> shows <code><link rel="canonical"></code> after <code></head></code></td> <td>Prefer static metadata (<code>generateStaticParams</code>, <code>'use cache'</code>). Otherwise extend <code>htmlLimitedBots</code> <strong>and keep Next's default list in the regex</strong> (setting it replaces the default). Recipe: <code>next-metadata.md</code> §3</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong><code>notFound()</code> inside Suspense → HTTP 200</strong> + <code><meta name="robots" content="noindex"></code> (soft 404)</td> <td>Unknown slug returns 200</td> <td>Look up the entity at the top of <code>page.tsx</code>/<code>generateMetadata</code> and call <code>notFound()</code> before rendering any <code><Suspense></code>. Or <code>dynamicParams = false</code>. Same for <code>redirect()</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>Shallow merge.</strong> A page's <code>openGraph</code> replaces the layout's whole <code>openGraph</code> (loses <code>siteName</code>, <code>locale</code>, <code>images</code>). A page's <code>alternates</code> drops the layout's <code>alternates.types</code></td> <td><code>og:site_name</code> missing on subpages</td> <td>Always build page metadata with <code>pageMetadata()</code>, which re-adds every field</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>Async params.</strong> <code>params</code>, <code>searchParams</code>, <code>generateSitemaps</code> <code>id</code> and <code>generateImageMetadata</code> <code>id</code> are Promises in 16</td> <td>Type errors or <code>undefined</code></td> <td><code>const { slug } = await params</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong><code>middleware</code> → <code>proxy</code>.</strong> The file is <code>proxy.ts</code> and exports <code>proxy</code></td> <td>Middleware silently not running</td> <td>Rename</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong><code>generateSitemaps</code> makes no index</strong></td> <td><code>/sitemap.xml</code> lists nothing for split sitemaps</td> <td>Add a <code>sitemap-index.xml</code> route (<code>next-metadata.md</code> §6)</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong><code>Vary: Accept</code> overwritten</strong> on prerendered HTML</td> <td>CDN serves Markdown to browsers when negotiating</td> <td>Use explicit <code>.md</code> URLs, not <code>Accept</code> negotiation (<code>llms-txt-markdown.md</code>)</td> </tr> </tbody></table></div> <h2 id="structured-data-policy"><a class="heading-anchor" href="#structured-data-policy">Structured data policy</a></h2> <ul> <li><strong>Still yields Google rich results or knowledge features:</strong> Organization, WebSite (site name), BreadcrumbList, Article/BlogPosting/NewsArticle, Product (snippet or merchant listing), SoftwareApplication (<strong>requires <code>aggregateRating</code> or <code>review</code></strong>), ProfilePage, VideoObject, Event, QAPage/DiscussionForumPosting, Recipe, JobPosting, LocalBusiness.</li> <li><strong>Gone. Don't add for rich results:</strong> FAQPage (not shown since 2026-05-07), HowTo (2023), sitelinks SearchAction (2024-11), plus ClaimReview, course info, estimated salary, vehicle listing, special announcement, practice problem.</li> <li><strong>Never fabricate.</strong> Every <code>name</code>, <code>headline</code>, <code>price</code>, <code>ratingValue</code>, <code>author.name</code> must appear in the visible text. No self-serving reviews on your own Organization. "Only publish what exists."</li> <li>JSON-LD is server-rendered in raw HTML via a native <code><script type="application/ld+json"></code> (not <code>next/script</code>), with <code><</code> escaped as <code>\u003c</code>.</li> <li>Organization + WebSite: once per page graph, on the home page at minimum (the template emits them from the root layout). Other nodes reference <code>{"@id": "https://site/#organization"}</code>.</li> <li>Dates are ISO 8601 with a timezone. <code>dateModified ≥ datePublished</code>, matching the visible date.</li> <li>Types, required properties and a <code>@graph</code> builder: <a class="code-link" href="/docs/seo/structured-data"><code>references/structured-data.md</code></a>.</li> </ul> <h2 id="robots-txt-and-ai-policy"><a class="heading-anchor" href="#robots-txt-and-ai-policy">robots.txt and AI policy</a></h2> <div class="table-wrap" tabindex="0" role="region" aria-label="Table 5"><table> <thead> <tr> <th>Group</th> <th>Tokens</th> <th>Default</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody><tr> <td>Search engines</td> <td><code>Googlebot</code>, <code>Bingbot</code>, <code>Applebot</code>, <code>DuckDuckBot</code></td> <td>Allow</td> </tr> <tr> <td>AI <strong>retrieval</strong> (cites you in answers)</td> <td><code>OAI-SearchBot</code>, <code>Claude-SearchBot</code>, <code>PerplexityBot</code>, <code>DuckAssistBot</code>, <code>MistralAI-Index</code>, <code>Amzn-SearchBot</code>, <code>meta-webindexer</code></td> <td><strong>Allow</strong> (blocking removes you from ChatGPT search, Claude and Perplexity answers)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>AI <strong>user fetchers</strong> (a person asked)</td> <td><code>ChatGPT-User</code>, <code>Claude-User</code>, <code>Perplexity-User</code>, <code>MistralAI-User</code></td> <td>Allow (several ignore robots anyway)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>AI <strong>training</strong></td> <td><code>GPTBot</code>, <code>ClaudeBot</code>, <code>Google-Extended</code>, <code>Applebot-Extended</code>, <code>CCBot</code>, <code>meta-externalagent</code>, <code>Amazonbot</code>, <code>MistralAI-Training</code>, <code>Bytespider</code></td> <td>Owner's choice (<code>site.ai.training</code> in <code>site.config.ts</code>; template default: disallow). Blocking doesn't affect search or AI Overviews</td> </tr> </tbody></table></div> <ul> <li>A bot obeys <strong>only its most specific group</strong>. Repeat <code>Disallow: /api/</code> in every named group.</li> <li>Previews and staging: <code>Disallow: /</code> (keyed on <code>VERCEL_ENV</code> or equivalent). Production never.</li> <li>Don't disallow pages that carry <code>noindex</code>; crawlers must fetch them to see it. Don't block <code>/_next/</code>.</li> <li><code>Google-Extended</code> doesn't remove you from AI Overviews. Only <code>noindex</code>/<code>nosnippet</code> does.</li> <li>Full crawler table + <code>robots.ts</code>: <a class="code-link" href="/docs/seo/ai-crawlers"><code>references/ai-crawlers.md</code></a>.</li> </ul> <h2 id="llms-txt-and-markdown-mirrors-cheap-extras-info-level"><a class="heading-anchor" href="#llms-txt-and-markdown-mirrors-cheap-extras-info-level">llms.txt and Markdown mirrors (cheap extras, <code>info</code> level)</a></h2> <ul> <li>Ship <code>/llms.txt</code>: <code># Brand</code>, a <code>> one-sentence summary</code>, curated <code>## Docs</code> / <code>## Blog</code> link lists pointing to <code>.md</code> URLs, and <code>## Optional</code>. It's under 100 KB and prerendered.</li> <li>It mainly serves <strong>coding agents</strong>, not answer engines: 97% of llms.txt files got zero requests in a 137K-domain study, and Google says it doesn't use them. Never claim it improves ranking. A 5xx is an error (Lighthouse fails it); a missing file is fine.</li> <li>Docs and posts: <code>page.md</code> mirror with <code>X-Robots-Tag: noindex</code> + <code>Link: <html-url>; rel="canonical"</code>, advertised with <code><link rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"></code>. Not in the sitemap.</li> <li>Recipes: <a class="code-link" href="/docs/seo/llms-txt-markdown"><code>references/llms-txt-markdown.md</code></a>.</li> </ul> <h2 id="content-that-gets-cited"><a class="heading-anchor" href="#content-that-gets-cited">Content that gets cited</a></h2> <p>Evidence (KDD 2024 GEO study, NeurIPS 2025 C-SEO Bench, Microsoft and Google guidance): adding <strong>citations, statistics and quotations</strong> lifted AI visibility 30–40%, most for pages not ranked #1. Keyword stuffing and "authoritative tone" did nothing. AI engines favor third-party (earned) coverage.</p> <ol> <li><strong>Answer first.</strong> The first paragraph under the h1 and under each question-style h2 answers in 1–2 self-contained sentences (≤ 320 chars) that name the entity ("Acme is…", not "It is…").</li> <li><strong>Evidence.</strong> Numbers with units and dates ("cuts build time from 47 s to 4.5 s, measured Sept 2026"), links to primary sources, <code><blockquote cite></code> quotes from named people.</li> <li><strong>Structure.</strong> Descriptive h2/h3 (often questions users ask), <code><ul></code>/<code><ol></code> for steps, <code><div class="table-wrap" tabindex="0" role="region" aria-label="Table 6"><table></code> for comparisons and specs, and paragraphs under ~150 words.</li> <li><strong>Entity clarity.</strong> The same brand and product name in title, h1, <code>og:site_name</code>, JSON-LD <code>name</code> and the llms.txt H1. A clear "what it is / who it's for / pricing / license" block.</li> <li><strong>Freshness.</strong> A visible "Updated" date that matches <code>dateModified</code> and sitemap <code>lastmod</code>. Update facts, not just dates.</li> <li><strong>Visible.</strong> Key facts are not only in images, video, PDFs, canvas, carousels or closed tabs. Use <code><details open></code> or plain sections.</li> <li><strong>Non-commodity.</strong> First-hand data, benchmarks, original examples, clear opinions. Near-duplicate pages get clustered and only one is used.</li> </ol> <p>Don't: generate keyword-variant pages, rewrite content "for AI", chunk into micro-pages, add FAQPage for rich results, or fake mentions. Patterns and examples: <a class="code-link" href="/docs/seo/content-for-citation"><code>references/content-for-citation.md</code></a>.</p> <h2 id="verify"><a class="heading-anchor" href="#verify">Verify</a></h2> <ol> <li><code>void lint</code> (static): <a class="code-link" href="/rules/lint/missing-metadata-base"><code>lint/missing-metadata-base</code></a>, <a class="code-link" href="/rules/lint/missing-metadata"><code>lint/missing-metadata</code></a>, <a class="code-link" href="/rules/lint/canonical-in-root-layout"><code>lint/canonical-in-root-layout</code></a>, <a class="code-link" href="/rules/lint/og-merge-drops-parent"><code>lint/og-merge-drops-parent</code></a>, <a class="code-link" href="/rules/lint/not-found-in-suspense"><code>lint/not-found-in-suspense</code></a>, <a class="code-link" href="/rules/lint/dynamic-metadata-streaming"><code>lint/dynamic-metadata-streaming</code></a>, <a class="code-link" href="/rules/lint/page-level-use-client"><code>lint/page-level-use-client</code></a>, <a class="code-link" href="/rules/lint/dangerously-set-jsonld-unescaped"><code>lint/dangerously-set-jsonld-unescaped</code></a>, <a class="code-link" href="/rules/lint/jsonld-deprecated-type"><code>lint/jsonld-deprecated-type</code></a>, <a class="code-link" href="/rules/lint/sitemap-lastmod-now"><code>lint/sitemap-lastmod-now</code></a>, <a class="code-link" href="/rules/lint/missing-sitemap"><code>lint/missing-sitemap</code></a>, <a class="code-link" href="/rules/lint/missing-robots"><code>lint/missing-robots</code></a>, <a class="code-link" href="/rules/lint/missing-og-image"><code>lint/missing-og-image</code></a>, <a class="code-link" href="/rules/lint/missing-icon"><code>lint/missing-icon</code></a>, <a class="code-link" href="/rules/lint/missing-llms-txt"><code>lint/missing-llms-txt</code></a>, <a class="code-link" href="/rules/lint/missing-alt"><code>lint/missing-alt</code></a>, <a class="code-link" href="/rules/lint/multiple-h1"><code>lint/multiple-h1</code></a>.</li> <li><code>next build</code>, then <code>void seo --start "next start -p 3000" --port 3000 --format md</code>: status codes (<a class="code-link" href="/rules/seo/http-status"><code>seo/http-status</code></a>, <a class="code-link" href="/rules/seo/soft-404"><code>seo/soft-404</code></a>), head placement per UA (<a class="code-link" href="/rules/seo/metadata-in-body"><code>seo/metadata-in-body</code></a>), canonical (<code>seo/canonical-*</code>), titles/descriptions, h1, links, OG image fetch, icons, robots.txt, sitemap. Include an unknown URL in <code>--routes</code> (e.g. <code>/this-page-does-not-exist</code>) to prove 404s.</li> <li><code>void geo</code> (same flags): raw-vs-rendered content (<a class="code-link" href="/rules/geo/js-dependency"><code>geo/js-dependency</code></a>, <a class="code-link" href="/rules/geo/hidden-streamed-content"><code>geo/hidden-streamed-content</code></a>), JSON-LD (<a class="code-link" href="/rules/geo/jsonld-parse-error"><code>geo/jsonld-parse-error</code></a>, <a class="code-link" href="/rules/geo/jsonld-required"><code>geo/jsonld-required</code></a>, <a class="code-link" href="/rules/geo/jsonld-not-visible"><code>geo/jsonld-not-visible</code></a>, <a class="code-link" href="/rules/geo/faq-deprecated"><code>geo/faq-deprecated</code></a>), AI robots (<a class="code-link" href="/rules/geo/search-bots-blocked"><code>geo/search-bots-blocked</code></a>, <a class="code-link" href="/rules/geo/robots-ai-policy"><code>geo/robots-ai-policy</code></a>), llms.txt (<code>geo/llms-txt-*</code>), Markdown mirrors (<code>geo/markdown-*</code>), content heuristics (<a class="code-link" href="/rules/geo/answer-first"><code>geo/answer-first</code></a>, <a class="code-link" href="/rules/geo/no-citations"><code>geo/no-citations</code></a>, info level).</li> <li><strong>Gates must pass</strong> (each caps the score at 49): <a class="code-link" href="/rules/seo/http-status"><code>seo/http-status</code></a>, <a class="code-link" href="/rules/seo/noindex"><code>seo/noindex</code></a>, <a class="code-link" href="/rules/seo/canonical-missing"><code>seo/canonical-missing</code></a>, <a class="code-link" href="/rules/seo/canonical-invalid"><code>seo/canonical-invalid</code></a>, <a class="code-link" href="/rules/seo/canonical-broken"><code>seo/canonical-broken</code></a>, <a class="code-link" href="/rules/seo/robots-blocks-all"><code>seo/robots-blocks-all</code></a>, <a class="code-link" href="/rules/seo/sitemap-url-status"><code>seo/sitemap-url-status</code></a>, <a class="code-link" href="/rules/geo/js-dependency"><code>geo/js-dependency</code></a>, <a class="code-link" href="/rules/geo/jsonld-parse-error"><code>geo/jsonld-parse-error</code></a>. Targets: seo ≥ 95, geo ≥ 90. <code>info</code> GEO findings are review prompts, not failures.</li> <li>Manual spot checks: <code>curl -sA "Googlebot/2.1" URL | head -c 3000</code>; Google Rich Results Test for new types; Search Console and Bing Webmaster Tools "AI Performance" after launch. Details: the <a class="code-link" href="/docs/audit"><code>audit</code></a> skill.</li> </ol> </div><footer class="mt-16 border-t border-line-subtle pt-8 pb-20"><div class="flex flex-wrap items-center justify-between gap-3 font-mono text-xs text-fg-muted"><span>Updated <time dateTime="2026-09-16">16 Sept 2026</time></span><span class="flex gap-4"><a href="/docs/seo.md" class="hover:text-fg">View as Markdown</a><a href="https://github.com/ParthKapoor-dev/design/blob/main/skills/seo/SKILL.md" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="hover:text-fg">Edit on GitHub</a></span></div><div class="mt-8 grid gap-3 sm:grid-cols-2"><a class="press group flex flex-col gap-1 rounded-lg border border-line-subtle p-4 transition-colors duration-(--duration-fast) hover:border-line-strong" href="/docs/speed/rendering-smoothness"><span class="label-mono flex items-center gap-1.5 text-fg-muted"><svg aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" class="size-3"><path d="M13 8H3.5M7.5 4l-4 4 4 4" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path></svg> Previous</span><span class="text-sm text-fg">speed: rendering smoothness</span></a><a class="press group flex flex-col items-end gap-1 rounded-lg border border-line-subtle p-4 text-right transition-colors duration-(--duration-fast) hover:border-line-strong" href="/docs/seo/ai-crawlers"><span class="label-mono flex items-center gap-1.5 text-fg-muted">Next <svg aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" class="size-3"><path d="M3 8h9.5M8.5 4l4 4-4 4" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path></svg></span><span class="text-sm text-fg">seo: ai crawlers</span></a></div></footer></article><aside aria-label="Page contents" class="hidden xl:block"><div data-lenis-prevent="true" class="sticky top-(--header-h) max-h-[calc(100dvh-var(--header-h))] overflow-y-auto pt-4 pb-10 [scrollbar-width:thin]"><nav aria-label="On this page" class="text-sm"><p class="label-mono mb-3 text-fg-muted">On this page</p><ul class="grid gap-1.5 border-l border-line-subtle"><li><a href="#the-10-rules-that-matter-most" class="block py-0.5 pr-2 text-fg-muted transition-colors duration-(--duration-fast) hover:text-fg pl-4">The 10 rules that matter most</a></li><li><a href="#the-four-readers-design-for-the-weakest" class="block py-0.5 pr-2 text-fg-muted transition-colors duration-(--duration-fast) hover:text-fg pl-4">The four readers (design for the weakest)</a></li><li><a href="#must-ship-checklist-per-page-type" class="block py-0.5 pr-2 text-fg-muted transition-colors duration-(--duration-fast) hover:text-fg pl-4">Must-ship checklist per page type</a></li><li><a href="#metadata-rules" class="block py-0.5 pr-2 text-fg-muted transition-colors duration-(--duration-fast) hover:text-fg pl-4">Metadata rules</a></li><li><a href="#next-js-16-traps-verified-on-16-3-5" class="block py-0.5 pr-2 text-fg-muted transition-colors duration-(--duration-fast) hover:text-fg pl-4">Next.js 16 traps (verified on 16.3.5)</a></li><li><a href="#structured-data-policy" class="block py-0.5 pr-2 text-fg-muted transition-colors duration-(--duration-fast) hover:text-fg pl-4">Structured data policy</a></li><li><a href="#robots-txt-and-ai-policy" class="block py-0.5 pr-2 text-fg-muted transition-colors duration-(--duration-fast) hover:text-fg pl-4">robots.txt and AI policy</a></li><li><a href="#llms-txt-and-markdown-mirrors-cheap-extras-info-level" class="block py-0.5 pr-2 text-fg-muted transition-colors duration-(--duration-fast) hover:text-fg pl-4">llms.txt and Markdown mirrors (cheap extras, info level)</a></li><li><a href="#content-that-gets-cited" class="block py-0.5 pr-2 text-fg-muted transition-colors duration-(--duration-fast) hover:text-fg pl-4">Content that gets cited</a></li><li><a href="#verify" class="block py-0.5 pr-2 text-fg-muted transition-colors duration-(--duration-fast) hover:text-fg pl-4">Verify</a></li></ul></nav></div></aside></div></div><!--$--><!--/$--></main><footer class="relative mt-24 overflow-hidden border-t border-line px-(--gutter)"><div aria-hidden="true" class="pointer-events-none absolute -bottom-[40vw] left-1/2 size-[80vw] -translate-x-1/2 rounded-full bg-[radial-gradient(closest-side,color-mix(in_oklab,var(--flare)_12%,transparent),transparent)]"></div><div class="relative mx-auto grid max-w-7xl gap-12 py-16 md:grid-cols-12 md:gap-8"><div class="md:col-span-5"><a class="inline-flex items-center gap-2.5 text-ink" aria-label="void home" href="/"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" class="size-6" aria-hidden="true"><defs><radialGradient id="mk" cx="50%" cy="50%" r="50%"><stop offset="0.52" stop-color="#000"></stop><stop offset="0.6" stop-color="var(--flare-2)"></stop><stop offset="0.8" stop-color="var(--flare)" stop-opacity="0.6"></stop><stop offset="1" stop-color="var(--flare)" stop-opacity="0"></stop></radialGradient></defs><ellipse cx="16" cy="16" rx="15" ry="5" fill="none" stroke="var(--flare)" stroke-opacity="0.8" stroke-width="1.4" transform="rotate(-18 16 16)"></ellipse><circle cx="16" cy="16" r="10" fill="url(#mk)"></circle></svg><span class="text-lg font-medium tracking-tight">void</span></a><p class="mt-4 max-w-[44ch] text-mute">A design system for AI coding agents. This site is built with it and audited by it on every change.</p><p class="mt-6 inline-flex flex-wrap items-center gap-x-4 gap-y-1 rounded-full border border-line-2 bg-black/40 px-4 py-2 font-mono text-xs text-mute"><span class="text-flare-2">void audit</span><span>perf<!-- --> <span class="text-ink tabular-nums">100</span></span><span>a11y<!-- --> <span class="text-ink tabular-nums">100</span></span><span>seo<!-- --> <span class="text-ink tabular-nums">99</span></span><span>geo<!-- --> <span class="text-ink tabular-nums">100</span></span></p></div><nav aria-label="Product" class="md:col-span-2 md:first-of-type:col-start-7"><p class="kicker">Product</p><ul class="mt-4 grid gap-2"><li><a class="inline-flex min-h-6 items-center text-sm text-mute transition-colors hover:text-ink" href="/docs">Docs</a></li><li><a class="inline-flex min-h-6 items-center text-sm text-mute transition-colors hover:text-ink" href="/cli">CLI reference</a></li><li><a class="inline-flex min-h-6 items-center text-sm text-mute transition-colors hover:text-ink" href="/rules">Rules</a></li><li><a class="inline-flex min-h-6 items-center text-sm text-mute transition-colors hover:text-ink" href="/directions">Directions</a></li><li><a class="inline-flex min-h-6 items-center text-sm text-mute transition-colors hover:text-ink" href="/evals">Evals</a></li></ul></nav><nav aria-label="For agents" class="md:col-span-2 md:first-of-type:col-start-7"><p class="kicker">For agents</p><ul class="mt-4 grid gap-2"><li><a href="/llms.txt" class="inline-flex min-h-6 items-center text-sm text-mute transition-colors hover:text-ink">llms.txt</a></li><li><a href="/llms-full.txt" class="inline-flex min-h-6 items-center text-sm text-mute transition-colors hover:text-ink">llms-full.txt</a></li><li><a href="/index.md" class="inline-flex min-h-6 items-center text-sm text-mute transition-colors hover:text-ink">index.md</a></li><li><a href="/sitemap.xml" class="inline-flex min-h-6 items-center text-sm text-mute transition-colors hover:text-ink">sitemap.xml</a></li></ul></nav><nav aria-label="Source" class="md:col-span-2 md:first-of-type:col-start-7"><p class="kicker">Source</p><ul class="mt-4 grid gap-2"><li><a href="https://github.com/ParthKapoor-dev/design" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="inline-flex min-h-6 items-center text-sm text-mute transition-colors hover:text-ink">GitHub</a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/ParthKapoor-dev/design/blob/main/LICENSE" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="inline-flex min-h-6 items-center text-sm text-mute transition-colors hover:text-ink">MIT licence</a></li><li><a href="https://parthkapoor.me" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="inline-flex min-h-6 items-center text-sm text-mute transition-colors hover:text-ink">Parth Kapoor</a></li></ul></nav></div><p aria-hidden="true" class="wordmark relative mx-auto max-w-7xl select-none text-center font-semibold leading-[0.72] tracking-[-0.06em] text-[clamp(6rem,24vw,22rem)]">void</p><div class="relative mx-auto flex max-w-7xl flex-wrap items-center justify-between gap-4 border-t border-line py-6 font-mono text-xs text-mute"><span>© 2026 <!-- -->Parth Kapoor<!-- --> · <!-- -->MIT</span><span>void-design.vercel.app</span></div></footer><div class="grain" aria-hidden="true"></div><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https://void-design.vercel.app/#organization","name":"void","url":"https://void-design.vercel.app/","logo":"https://void-design.vercel.app/icon-512.png","sameAs":["https://github.com/ParthKapoor-dev/design"]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://void-design.vercel.app/#website","name":"void","url":"https://void-design.vercel.app/","description":"void is an open-source design system for AI coding agents: Claude Code skills, Tailwind v4 tokens and a CLI that audits speed, accessibility, SEO and design.","inLanguage":"en","publisher":{"@id":"https://void-design.vercel.app/#organization"}}]}</script><script 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The references hold the same code for other projects.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 id=\"the-10-rules-that-matter-most\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"heading-anchor\" href=\"#the-10-rules-that-matter-most\"\u003eThe 10 rules that matter most\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThe raw HTML response is complete.\u003c/strong\u003e Main content in reading order, full \u003ccode\u003e\u003chead\u003e\u003c/code\u003e, JSON-LD and \u003ccode\u003e\u003ca href\u003e\u003c/code\u003e links, without running JavaScript. OpenAI, Anthropic, Perplexity and Meta crawlers don\u0026#39;t execute JS.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eExactly one \u003ccode\u003e\u003ctitle\u003e\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003e\u003cmeta name=\"description\"\u003e\u003c/code\u003e and absolute \u003ccode\u003e\u003clink rel=\"canonical\"\u003e\u003c/code\u003e in \u003ccode\u003e\u003chead\u003e\u003c/code\u003e of the raw HTML\u003c/strong\u003e on every indexable page. The canonical is self-referential and set per page, \u003cstrong\u003enever in the root layout\u003c/strong\u003e.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReal HTTP status codes.\u003c/strong\u003e 200 for pages, 404 for unknown URLs (never a 200 \u0026quot;not found\u0026quot;), 301/308 for moves. In Next, call \u003ccode\u003enotFound()\u003c/code\u003e \u003cstrong\u003ebefore\u003c/strong\u003e any \u003ccode\u003e\u003cSuspense\u003e\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKeep metadata static\u003c/strong\u003e (prerendered, or \u003ccode\u003e'use cache'\u003c/code\u003e). If a route must be request-time, add Googlebot and the AI bots to \u003ccode\u003ehtmlLimitedBots\u003c/code\u003e, or Next streams title and canonical into \u003ccode\u003e\u003cbody\u003e\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOne metadata helper\u003c/strong\u003e (\u003ccode\u003epageMetadata()\u003c/code\u003e) for every page. Next merges metadata \u003cstrong\u003eshallowly\u003c/strong\u003e, so a page\u0026#39;s \u003ccode\u003eopenGraph\u003c/code\u003e silently drops the layout\u0026#39;s \u003ccode\u003esiteName\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003elocale\u003c/code\u003e and images.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOne \u003ccode\u003e\u003ch1\u003e\u003c/code\u003e per page\u003c/strong\u003e that matches the title\u0026#39;s topic. Landmarks \u003ccode\u003e\u003cheader\u003e\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003e\u003cnav\u003e\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003e\u003cmain\u003e\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003e\u003cfooter\u003e\u003c/code\u003e; \u003ccode\u003e\u003carticle\u003e\u003c/code\u003e for posts.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStructured data describes only what is visible and true.\u003c/strong\u003e No invented ratings, reviews, prices or FAQs. One \u003ccode\u003e@graph\u003c/code\u003e with stable \u003ccode\u003e@id\u003c/code\u003es. Escape \u003ccode\u003e\u003c\u003c/code\u003e in JSON-LD.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003erobots.txt separates training bots from retrieval bots.\u003c/strong\u003e Blocking \u003ccode\u003eGPTBot\u003c/code\u003e is a business choice. Blocking \u003ccode\u003eOAI-SearchBot\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003eClaude-SearchBot\u003c/code\u003e or \u003ccode\u003ePerplexityBot\u003c/code\u003e removes you from AI answers. Previews send \u003ccode\u003eDisallow: /\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSitemap \u003ccode\u003elastModified\u003c/code\u003e is the real content date\u003c/strong\u003e, never \u003ccode\u003enew Date()\u003c/code\u003e or the build time. Exclude noindex, auth and utility routes.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWrite to be quoted.\u003c/strong\u003e Answer first, then evidence: numbers with units and dates, links to primary sources, named quotes. Keep key facts visible, not hidden in tabs or images.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\u003ch2 id=\"the-four-readers-design-for-the-weakest\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"heading-anchor\" href=\"#the-four-readers-design-for-the-weakest\"\u003eThe four readers (design for the weakest)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"table-wrap\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Table 1\"\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eReader\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eExamples\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eRuns JS?\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eNeeds\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eRendering search crawler\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eGooglebot, Applebot\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eYes, deferred\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eRaw \u003ccode\u003e\u003chead\u003e\u003c/code\u003e (canonical, robots) + rendered DOM\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHTML-only index crawler\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBingbot (feeds Copilot and ChatGPT search), OAI-SearchBot, Claude-SearchBot, PerplexityBot\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNo\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eEverything in raw HTML\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eUser-triggered fetcher\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eChatGPT-User, Claude-User, Perplexity-User\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNo\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eRaw HTML; may ignore robots.txt\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAgent / coding tool\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eClaude Code, Cursor, Codex\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNo\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eClean HTML, \u003ccode\u003e/llms.txt\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003e.md\u003c/code\u003e mirrors\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTest: \u003ccode\u003ecurl -sA \"GPTBot/1.4\" https://site/page | grep -c \"\u003cmain\"\u003c/code\u003e. If the text isn\u0026#39;t there, it doesn\u0026#39;t exist for most AI search.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 id=\"must-ship-checklist-per-page-type\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"heading-anchor\" href=\"#must-ship-checklist-per-page-type\"\u003eMust-ship checklist per page type\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"table-wrap\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Table 2\"\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003ePage\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eMust emit\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRoot layout\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003emetadataBase\u003c/code\u003e; \u003ccode\u003etitle: { default, template: \"%s | Brand\" }\u003c/code\u003e; description; \u003ccode\u003eopenGraph.siteName\u003c/code\u003e + \u003ccode\u003elocale\u003c/code\u003e; \u003ccode\u003etwitter.card: \"summary_large_image\"\u003c/code\u003e; \u003ccode\u003erobots.googleBot[\"max-image-preview\"]: \"large\"\u003c/code\u003e; \u003ccode\u003eviewport.themeColor\u003c/code\u003e (light/dark); \u003ccode\u003e\u003chtml lang\u003e\u003c/code\u003e; landmarks; \u003ccode\u003e\u003clink rel=\"describedby\" href=\"/llms.txt\"\u003e\u003c/code\u003e. \u003cstrong\u003eNo canonical here.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHome\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003ecanonical: \"/\"\u003c/code\u003e; Organization + WebSite in the \u003ccode\u003e@graph\u003c/code\u003e (on this page or emitted from the root layout); \u003ccode\u003eopengraph-image\u003c/code\u003e; one h1 naming what the product is and who it\u0026#39;s for; first paragraph states it in 1–2 sentences\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eContent page\u003c/strong\u003e (about, features, pricing)\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003epageMetadata({ path, title, description })\u003c/code\u003e; BreadcrumbList if nested; one h1; descriptive h2s; comparison \u003ccode\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"table-wrap\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Table 3\"\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\u003c/code\u003e where relevant\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eArticle / blog post\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003epageMetadata({ type: \"article\", publishedTime, modifiedTime })\u003c/code\u003e; BlogPosting + BreadcrumbList; visible byline + \u003ccode\u003e\u003ctime dateTime\u003e\u003c/code\u003e \u0026quot;Updated\u0026quot; date matching JSON-LD; per-post \u003ccode\u003eopengraph-image\u003c/code\u003e; \u003ccode\u003e.md\u003c/code\u003e mirror; \u003ccode\u003egenerateStaticParams\u003c/code\u003e + \u003ccode\u003edynamicParams = false\u003c/code\u003e or \u003ccode\u003enotFound()\u003c/code\u003e before Suspense\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProduct / app / pricing\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eProduct (buyable goods) or SoftwareApplication with the real, visible price. Add \u003ccode\u003eaggregateRating\u003c/code\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eonly\u003c/strong\u003e when real ratings are shown on the page (without it SoftwareApplication is valid but not rich-result eligible). Prices in visible text\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDocs page\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTechArticle + BreadcrumbList; \u003ccode\u003e.md\u003c/code\u003e mirror advertised with \u003ccode\u003ealternates.types[\"text/markdown\"]\u003c/code\u003e; listed in llms.txt; stable URLs; version in text\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor page\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eProfilePage + Person with \u003ccode\u003esameAs\u003c/code\u003e; linked from \u003ccode\u003eArticle.author.url\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApp / auth / search results\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003erobots: { index: false, follow: true }\u003c/code\u003e; not in sitemap, llms.txt or internal nav meant for crawlers; \u003ccode\u003e/login\u003c/code\u003e never canonicalizes to \u003ccode\u003e/\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSite-wide files\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003erobots.ts\u003c/code\u003e (preview guard + AI policy + \u003ccode\u003esitemap\u003c/code\u003e), \u003ccode\u003esitemap.ts\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003ellms.txt\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003emanifest.ts\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003efavicon.ico\u003c/code\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eplus\u003c/strong\u003e \u003ccode\u003eicon.png\u003c/code\u003e (Google doesn\u0026#39;t list SVG favicons), \u003ccode\u003eapple-icon\u003c/code\u003e 180×180, 404 page returning 404\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch2 id=\"metadata-rules\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"heading-anchor\" href=\"#metadata-rules\"\u003eMetadata rules\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTitle:\u003c/strong\u003e unique, 10–60 chars, \u003ccode\u003eTopic | Brand\u003c/code\u003e. The brand name appears in every title; the home page uses an absolute tagline title (the helper does this for \u003ccode\u003epath: \"/\"\u003c/code\u003e). Don\u0026#39;t put a plain string \u003ccode\u003etitle\u003c/code\u003e in a nested \u003ccode\u003elayout.tsx\u003c/code\u003e: it resets the template for every child page.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDescription:\u003c/strong\u003e unique, 50–160 chars, a summary sentence rather than a keyword list. Fill it on every page.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCanonical:\u003c/strong\u003e absolute (via \u003ccode\u003emetadataBase\u003c/code\u003e), no fragment, one URL form site-wide (https, one host, no trailing slash in Next\u0026#39;s default). The same form in sitemap, internal links and hreflang. Never combine \u003ccode\u003enoindex\u003c/code\u003e with a cross-page canonical.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOG:\u003c/strong\u003e \u003ccode\u003eog:title\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003eog:type\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003eog:image\u003c/code\u003e (1200×630 PNG/JPEG, absolute, ≤ 8 MB, not SVG), \u003ccode\u003eog:url\u003c/code\u003e = canonical, \u003ccode\u003eog:site_name\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003eog:locale\u003c/code\u003e. Use the file convention \u003ccode\u003eopengraph-image.tsx\u003c/code\u003e per section or post. It also fills \u003ccode\u003etwitter:image\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eViewport:\u003c/strong\u003e Next adds \u003ccode\u003ewidth=device-width, initial-scale=1\u003c/code\u003e. Never add \u003ccode\u003emaximum-scale=1\u003c/code\u003e or \u003ccode\u003euser-scalable=no\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003ccode\u003ekeywords\u003c/code\u003e meta is useless.\u003c/strong\u003e Don\u0026#39;t spend tokens on it.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDon\u0026#39;t set \u003ccode\u003enosnippet\u003c/code\u003e or a low \u003ccode\u003emax-snippet\u003c/code\u003e; they also remove you from AI Overviews. Put \u003ccode\u003edata-nosnippet\u003c/code\u003e only on cookie banners and boilerplate.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUncompressed HTML \u0026lt; 1 MB (Googlebot stops at 2 MB, and the inlined RSC payload roughly doubles text weight).\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRecipes: \u003ca class=\"code-link\" href=\"/docs/seo/next-metadata\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003ereferences/next-metadata.md\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 id=\"next-js-16-traps-verified-on-16-3-5\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"heading-anchor\" href=\"#next-js-16-traps-verified-on-16-3-5\"\u003eNext.js 16 traps (verified on 16.3.5)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"table-wrap\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Table 4\"\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eTrap\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eSymptom\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eFix\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStreaming metadata.\u003c/strong\u003e A request-time \u003ccode\u003egenerateMetadata\u003c/code\u003e (using \u003ccode\u003ecookies()\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003eheaders()\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003econnection()\u003c/code\u003e or uncached fetches) streams \u003ccode\u003e\u003ctitle\u003e\u003c/code\u003e/canonical into \u003ccode\u003e\u003cbody\u003e\u003c/code\u003e for every UA not in \u003ccode\u003ehtmlLimitedBots\u003c/code\u003e. The default list has \u003cstrong\u003eno AI bots and no Googlebot\u003c/strong\u003e. Google only accepts canonical in \u003ccode\u003e\u003chead\u003e\u003c/code\u003e. Suspense content arrives in \u003ccode\u003e\u003cdiv hidden id=\"S:n\"\u003e\u003c/code\u003e, out of order\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003ecurl -A GPTBot\u003c/code\u003e shows \u003ccode\u003e\u003clink rel=\"canonical\"\u003e\u003c/code\u003e after \u003ccode\u003e\u003c/head\u003e\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePrefer static metadata (\u003ccode\u003egenerateStaticParams\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003e'use cache'\u003c/code\u003e). Otherwise extend \u003ccode\u003ehtmlLimitedBots\u003c/code\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eand keep Next\u0026#39;s default list in the regex\u003c/strong\u003e (setting it replaces the default). Recipe: \u003ccode\u003enext-metadata.md\u003c/code\u003e §3\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003ccode\u003enotFound()\u003c/code\u003e inside Suspense → HTTP 200\u003c/strong\u003e + \u003ccode\u003e\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex\"\u003e\u003c/code\u003e (soft 404)\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eUnknown slug returns 200\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLook up the entity at the top of \u003ccode\u003epage.tsx\u003c/code\u003e/\u003ccode\u003egenerateMetadata\u003c/code\u003e and call \u003ccode\u003enotFound()\u003c/code\u003e before rendering any \u003ccode\u003e\u003cSuspense\u003e\u003c/code\u003e. Or \u003ccode\u003edynamicParams = false\u003c/code\u003e. Same for \u003ccode\u003eredirect()\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eShallow merge.\u003c/strong\u003e A page\u0026#39;s \u003ccode\u003eopenGraph\u003c/code\u003e replaces the layout\u0026#39;s whole \u003ccode\u003eopenGraph\u003c/code\u003e (loses \u003ccode\u003esiteName\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003elocale\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003eimages\u003c/code\u003e). A page\u0026#39;s \u003ccode\u003ealternates\u003c/code\u003e drops the layout\u0026#39;s \u003ccode\u003ealternates.types\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003eog:site_name\u003c/code\u003e missing on subpages\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAlways build page metadata with \u003ccode\u003epageMetadata()\u003c/code\u003e, which re-adds every field\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAsync params.\u003c/strong\u003e \u003ccode\u003eparams\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003esearchParams\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003egenerateSitemaps\u003c/code\u003e \u003ccode\u003eid\u003c/code\u003e and \u003ccode\u003egenerateImageMetadata\u003c/code\u003e \u003ccode\u003eid\u003c/code\u003e are Promises in 16\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eType errors or \u003ccode\u003eundefined\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003econst { slug } = await params\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003ccode\u003emiddleware\u003c/code\u003e → \u003ccode\u003eproxy\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/strong\u003e The file is \u003ccode\u003eproxy.ts\u003c/code\u003e and exports \u003ccode\u003eproxy\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMiddleware silently not running\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eRename\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003ccode\u003egenerateSitemaps\u003c/code\u003e makes no index\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003e/sitemap.xml\u003c/code\u003e lists nothing for split sitemaps\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAdd a \u003ccode\u003esitemap-index.xml\u003c/code\u003e route (\u003ccode\u003enext-metadata.md\u003c/code\u003e §6)\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003ccode\u003eVary: Accept\u003c/code\u003e overwritten\u003c/strong\u003e on prerendered HTML\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCDN serves Markdown to browsers when negotiating\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eUse explicit \u003ccode\u003e.md\u003c/code\u003e URLs, not \u003ccode\u003eAccept\u003c/code\u003e negotiation (\u003ccode\u003ellms-txt-markdown.md\u003c/code\u003e)\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch2 id=\"structured-data-policy\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"heading-anchor\" href=\"#structured-data-policy\"\u003eStructured data policy\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStill yields Google rich results or knowledge features:\u003c/strong\u003e Organization, WebSite (site name), BreadcrumbList, Article/BlogPosting/NewsArticle, Product (snippet or merchant listing), SoftwareApplication (\u003cstrong\u003erequires \u003ccode\u003eaggregateRating\u003c/code\u003e or \u003ccode\u003ereview\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e), ProfilePage, VideoObject, Event, QAPage/DiscussionForumPosting, Recipe, JobPosting, LocalBusiness.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGone. Don\u0026#39;t add for rich results:\u003c/strong\u003e FAQPage (not shown since 2026-05-07), HowTo (2023), sitelinks SearchAction (2024-11), plus ClaimReview, course info, estimated salary, vehicle listing, special announcement, practice problem.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNever fabricate.\u003c/strong\u003e Every \u003ccode\u003ename\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003eheadline\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003eprice\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003eratingValue\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003eauthor.name\u003c/code\u003e must appear in the visible text. No self-serving reviews on your own Organization. \u0026quot;Only publish what exists.\u0026quot;\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJSON-LD is server-rendered in raw HTML via a native \u003ccode\u003e\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\"\u003e\u003c/code\u003e (not \u003ccode\u003enext/script\u003c/code\u003e), with \u003ccode\u003e\u003c\u003c/code\u003e escaped as \u003ccode\u003e\\u003c\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOrganization + WebSite: once per page graph, on the home page at minimum (the template emits them from the root layout). Other nodes reference \u003ccode\u003e{\"@id\": \"https://site/#organization\"}\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDates are ISO 8601 with a timezone. \u003ccode\u003edateModified ≥ datePublished\u003c/code\u003e, matching the visible date.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTypes, required properties and a \u003ccode\u003e@graph\u003c/code\u003e builder: \u003ca class=\"code-link\" href=\"/docs/seo/structured-data\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003ereferences/structured-data.md\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2 id=\"robots-txt-and-ai-policy\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"heading-anchor\" href=\"#robots-txt-and-ai-policy\"\u003erobots.txt and AI policy\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"table-wrap\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Table 5\"\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eGroup\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eTokens\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eDefault\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSearch engines\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003eGooglebot\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003eBingbot\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003eApplebot\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003eDuckDuckBot\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAllow\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAI \u003cstrong\u003eretrieval\u003c/strong\u003e (cites you in answers)\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003eOAI-SearchBot\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003eClaude-SearchBot\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003ePerplexityBot\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003eDuckAssistBot\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003eMistralAI-Index\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003eAmzn-SearchBot\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003emeta-webindexer\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAllow\u003c/strong\u003e (blocking removes you from ChatGPT search, Claude and Perplexity answers)\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAI \u003cstrong\u003euser fetchers\u003c/strong\u003e (a person asked)\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003eChatGPT-User\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003eClaude-User\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003ePerplexity-User\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003eMistralAI-User\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAllow (several ignore robots anyway)\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAI \u003cstrong\u003etraining\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003eGPTBot\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003eClaudeBot\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003eGoogle-Extended\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003eApplebot-Extended\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003eCCBot\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003emeta-externalagent\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003eAmazonbot\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003eMistralAI-Training\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003eBytespider\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOwner\u0026#39;s choice (\u003ccode\u003esite.ai.training\u003c/code\u003e in \u003ccode\u003esite.config.ts\u003c/code\u003e; template default: disallow). Blocking doesn\u0026#39;t affect search or AI Overviews\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA bot obeys \u003cstrong\u003eonly its most specific group\u003c/strong\u003e. Repeat \u003ccode\u003eDisallow: /api/\u003c/code\u003e in every named group.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePreviews and staging: \u003ccode\u003eDisallow: /\u003c/code\u003e (keyed on \u003ccode\u003eVERCEL_ENV\u003c/code\u003e or equivalent). Production never.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDon\u0026#39;t disallow pages that carry \u003ccode\u003enoindex\u003c/code\u003e; crawlers must fetch them to see it. Don\u0026#39;t block \u003ccode\u003e/_next/\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003eGoogle-Extended\u003c/code\u003e doesn\u0026#39;t remove you from AI Overviews. Only \u003ccode\u003enoindex\u003c/code\u003e/\u003ccode\u003enosnippet\u003c/code\u003e does.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFull crawler table + \u003ccode\u003erobots.ts\u003c/code\u003e: \u003ca class=\"code-link\" href=\"/docs/seo/ai-crawlers\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003ereferences/ai-crawlers.md\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2 id=\"llms-txt-and-markdown-mirrors-cheap-extras-info-level\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"heading-anchor\" href=\"#llms-txt-and-markdown-mirrors-cheap-extras-info-level\"\u003ellms.txt and Markdown mirrors (cheap extras, \u003ccode\u003einfo\u003c/code\u003e level)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eShip \u003ccode\u003e/llms.txt\u003c/code\u003e: \u003ccode\u003e# Brand\u003c/code\u003e, a \u003ccode\u003e\u003e one-sentence summary\u003c/code\u003e, curated \u003ccode\u003e## Docs\u003c/code\u003e / \u003ccode\u003e## Blog\u003c/code\u003e link lists pointing to \u003ccode\u003e.md\u003c/code\u003e URLs, and \u003ccode\u003e## Optional\u003c/code\u003e. It\u0026#39;s under 100 KB and prerendered.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIt mainly serves \u003cstrong\u003ecoding agents\u003c/strong\u003e, not answer engines: 97% of llms.txt files got zero requests in a 137K-domain study, and Google says it doesn\u0026#39;t use them. Never claim it improves ranking. A 5xx is an error (Lighthouse fails it); a missing file is fine.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDocs and posts: \u003ccode\u003epage.md\u003c/code\u003e mirror with \u003ccode\u003eX-Robots-Tag: noindex\u003c/code\u003e + \u003ccode\u003eLink: \u003chtml-url\u003e; rel=\"canonical\"\u003c/code\u003e, advertised with \u003ccode\u003e\u003clink rel=\"alternate\" type=\"text/markdown\"\u003e\u003c/code\u003e. Not in the sitemap.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRecipes: \u003ca class=\"code-link\" href=\"/docs/seo/llms-txt-markdown\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003ereferences/llms-txt-markdown.md\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2 id=\"content-that-gets-cited\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"heading-anchor\" href=\"#content-that-gets-cited\"\u003eContent that gets cited\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEvidence (KDD 2024 GEO study, NeurIPS 2025 C-SEO Bench, Microsoft and Google guidance): adding \u003cstrong\u003ecitations, statistics and quotations\u003c/strong\u003e lifted AI visibility 30–40%, most for pages not ranked #1. Keyword stuffing and \u0026quot;authoritative tone\u0026quot; did nothing. AI engines favor third-party (earned) coverage.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAnswer first.\u003c/strong\u003e The first paragraph under the h1 and under each question-style h2 answers in 1–2 self-contained sentences (≤ 320 chars) that name the entity (\u0026quot;Acme is…\u0026quot;, not \u0026quot;It is…\u0026quot;).\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEvidence.\u003c/strong\u003e Numbers with units and dates (\u0026quot;cuts build time from 47 s to 4.5 s, measured Sept 2026\u0026quot;), links to primary sources, \u003ccode\u003e\u003cblockquote cite\u003e\u003c/code\u003e quotes from named people.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStructure.\u003c/strong\u003e Descriptive h2/h3 (often questions users ask), \u003ccode\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003c/code\u003e/\u003ccode\u003e\u003col\u003e\u003c/code\u003e for steps, \u003ccode\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"table-wrap\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Table 6\"\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\u003c/code\u003e for comparisons and specs, and paragraphs under ~150 words.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEntity clarity.\u003c/strong\u003e The same brand and product name in title, h1, \u003ccode\u003eog:site_name\u003c/code\u003e, JSON-LD \u003ccode\u003ename\u003c/code\u003e and the llms.txt H1. A clear \u0026quot;what it is / who it\u0026#39;s for / pricing / license\u0026quot; block.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFreshness.\u003c/strong\u003e A visible \u0026quot;Updated\u0026quot; date that matches \u003ccode\u003edateModified\u003c/code\u003e and sitemap \u003ccode\u003elastmod\u003c/code\u003e. Update facts, not just dates.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVisible.\u003c/strong\u003e Key facts are not only in images, video, PDFs, canvas, carousels or closed tabs. Use \u003ccode\u003e\u003cdetails open\u003e\u003c/code\u003e or plain sections.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNon-commodity.\u003c/strong\u003e First-hand data, benchmarks, original examples, clear opinions. Near-duplicate pages get clustered and only one is used.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDon\u0026#39;t: generate keyword-variant pages, rewrite content \u0026quot;for AI\u0026quot;, chunk into micro-pages, add FAQPage for rich results, or fake mentions. Patterns and examples: \u003ca class=\"code-link\" href=\"/docs/seo/content-for-citation\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003ereferences/content-for-citation.md\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 id=\"verify\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"heading-anchor\" href=\"#verify\"\u003eVerify\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003evoid lint\u003c/code\u003e (static): \u003ca class=\"code-link\" href=\"/rules/lint/missing-metadata-base\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003elint/missing-metadata-base\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca class=\"code-link\" href=\"/rules/lint/missing-metadata\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003elint/missing-metadata\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca class=\"code-link\" href=\"/rules/lint/canonical-in-root-layout\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003elint/canonical-in-root-layout\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca class=\"code-link\" href=\"/rules/lint/og-merge-drops-parent\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003elint/og-merge-drops-parent\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca class=\"code-link\" href=\"/rules/lint/not-found-in-suspense\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003elint/not-found-in-suspense\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca class=\"code-link\" href=\"/rules/lint/dynamic-metadata-streaming\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003elint/dynamic-metadata-streaming\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca class=\"code-link\" href=\"/rules/lint/page-level-use-client\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003elint/page-level-use-client\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca class=\"code-link\" href=\"/rules/lint/dangerously-set-jsonld-unescaped\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003elint/dangerously-set-jsonld-unescaped\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca class=\"code-link\" href=\"/rules/lint/jsonld-deprecated-type\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003elint/jsonld-deprecated-type\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca class=\"code-link\" href=\"/rules/lint/sitemap-lastmod-now\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003elint/sitemap-lastmod-now\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca class=\"code-link\" href=\"/rules/lint/missing-sitemap\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003elint/missing-sitemap\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca class=\"code-link\" href=\"/rules/lint/missing-robots\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003elint/missing-robots\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca class=\"code-link\" href=\"/rules/lint/missing-og-image\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003elint/missing-og-image\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca class=\"code-link\" href=\"/rules/lint/missing-icon\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003elint/missing-icon\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca class=\"code-link\" href=\"/rules/lint/missing-llms-txt\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003elint/missing-llms-txt\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca class=\"code-link\" href=\"/rules/lint/missing-alt\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003elint/missing-alt\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca class=\"code-link\" href=\"/rules/lint/multiple-h1\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003elint/multiple-h1\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003enext build\u003c/code\u003e, then \u003ccode\u003evoid seo --start \"next start -p 3000\" --port 3000 --format md\u003c/code\u003e: status codes (\u003ca class=\"code-link\" href=\"/rules/seo/http-status\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eseo/http-status\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca class=\"code-link\" href=\"/rules/seo/soft-404\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eseo/soft-404\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e), head placement per UA (\u003ca class=\"code-link\" href=\"/rules/seo/metadata-in-body\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eseo/metadata-in-body\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e), canonical (\u003ccode\u003eseo/canonical-*\u003c/code\u003e), titles/descriptions, h1, links, OG image fetch, icons, robots.txt, sitemap. Include an unknown URL in \u003ccode\u003e--routes\u003c/code\u003e (e.g. \u003ccode\u003e/this-page-does-not-exist\u003c/code\u003e) to prove 404s.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003evoid geo\u003c/code\u003e (same flags): raw-vs-rendered content (\u003ca class=\"code-link\" href=\"/rules/geo/js-dependency\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003egeo/js-dependency\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca class=\"code-link\" href=\"/rules/geo/hidden-streamed-content\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003egeo/hidden-streamed-content\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e), JSON-LD (\u003ca class=\"code-link\" href=\"/rules/geo/jsonld-parse-error\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003egeo/jsonld-parse-error\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca class=\"code-link\" href=\"/rules/geo/jsonld-required\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003egeo/jsonld-required\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca class=\"code-link\" href=\"/rules/geo/jsonld-not-visible\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003egeo/jsonld-not-visible\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca class=\"code-link\" href=\"/rules/geo/faq-deprecated\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003egeo/faq-deprecated\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e), AI robots (\u003ca class=\"code-link\" href=\"/rules/geo/search-bots-blocked\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003egeo/search-bots-blocked\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca class=\"code-link\" href=\"/rules/geo/robots-ai-policy\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003egeo/robots-ai-policy\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e), llms.txt (\u003ccode\u003egeo/llms-txt-*\u003c/code\u003e), Markdown mirrors (\u003ccode\u003egeo/markdown-*\u003c/code\u003e), content heuristics (\u003ca class=\"code-link\" href=\"/rules/geo/answer-first\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003egeo/answer-first\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca class=\"code-link\" href=\"/rules/geo/no-citations\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003egeo/no-citations\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e, info level).\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGates must pass\u003c/strong\u003e (each caps the score at 49): \u003ca class=\"code-link\" href=\"/rules/seo/http-status\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eseo/http-status\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca class=\"code-link\" href=\"/rules/seo/noindex\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eseo/noindex\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca class=\"code-link\" href=\"/rules/seo/canonical-missing\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eseo/canonical-missing\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca class=\"code-link\" href=\"/rules/seo/canonical-invalid\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eseo/canonical-invalid\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca class=\"code-link\" href=\"/rules/seo/canonical-broken\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eseo/canonical-broken\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca class=\"code-link\" href=\"/rules/seo/robots-blocks-all\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eseo/robots-blocks-all\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca class=\"code-link\" href=\"/rules/seo/sitemap-url-status\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eseo/sitemap-url-status\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca class=\"code-link\" href=\"/rules/geo/js-dependency\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003egeo/js-dependency\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca class=\"code-link\" href=\"/rules/geo/jsonld-parse-error\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003egeo/jsonld-parse-error\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e. Targets: seo ≥ 95, geo ≥ 90. \u003ccode\u003einfo\u003c/code\u003e GEO findings are review prompts, not failures.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eManual spot checks: \u003ccode\u003ecurl -sA \"Googlebot/2.1\" URL | head -c 3000\u003c/code\u003e; Google Rich Results Test for new types; Search Console and Bing Webmaster Tools \u0026quot;AI Performance\u0026quot; after launch. Details: the \u003ca class=\"code-link\" href=\"/docs/audit\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eaudit\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e skill.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n34:[\"$\",\"article\",null,{\"className\":\"min-w-0 max-w-[68ch] pt-8 lg:pt-4\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"relative overflow-hidden rounded-2xl border border-line bg-bg-subtle p-5\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"span\",null,{\"aria-hidden\":\"true\",\"className\":\"absolute inset-y-0 left-0 w-px bg-gradient-to-b from-flare-2 via-flare to-transparent\"}],[\"$\",\"p\",null,{\"className\":\"label-mono text-brand-text\",\"children\":\"When Claude Code loads it\"}],[\"$\",\"p\",null,{\"className\":\"mt-2 text-fg-muted\",\"children\":\"Use when building or launching any public website, landing page, blog, docs or product page; when adding pages, metadata, generateMetadata, sitemap, robots, OG images or schema; when asked about SEO, AI SEO, GEO, AEO, llms.txt, rich results, or \\\"why isn't my site showing in Google/ChatGPT\\\"; or when `void seo` or `void geo` report findings.\"}]]}],[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"prose mt-10\",\"dangerouslySetInnerHTML\":{\"__html\":\"$36\"}}],\"$L37\"]}]\n35:[\"$\",\"aside\",null,{\"aria-label\":\"Page contents\",\"className\":\"hidden xl:block\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"data-lenis-prevent\":true,\"className\":\"sticky top-(--header-h) max-h-[calc(100dvh-var(--header-h))] overflow-y-auto pt-4 pb-10 [scrollbar-width:thin]\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"nav\",null,{\"aria-label\":\"On this page\",\"className\":\"text-sm\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"p\",null,{\"className\":\"label-mono mb-3 text-fg-muted\",\"children\":\"On this page\"}],[\"$\",\"ul\",null,{\"className\":\"grid gap-1.5 border-l border-line-subtle\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"li\",\"the-10-rules-that-matter-most\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"#the-10-rules-that-matter-most\",\"className\":\"block py-0.5 pr-2 text-fg-muted transition-colors duration-(--duration-fast) hover:text-fg pl-4\",\"children\":\"The 10 rules that matter most\"}]}],[\"$\",\"li\",\"the-four-readers-design-for-the-weakest\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"#the-four-readers-design-for-the-weakest\",\"className\":\"block py-0.5 pr-2 text-fg-muted transition-colors duration-(--duration-fast) hover:text-fg pl-4\",\"children\":\"The four readers (design for the weakest)\"}]}],[\"$\",\"li\",\"must-ship-checklist-per-page-type\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"#must-ship-checklist-per-page-type\",\"className\":\"block py-0.5 pr-2 text-fg-muted transition-colors duration-(--duration-fast) hover:text-fg pl-4\",\"children\":\"Must-ship checklist per page type\"}]}],[\"$\",\"li\",\"metadata-rules\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"#metadata-rules\",\"className\":\"block py-0.5 pr-2 text-fg-muted transition-colors duration-(--duration-fast) hover:text-fg pl-4\",\"children\":\"Metadata rules\"}]}],[\"$\",\"li\",\"next-js-16-traps-verified-on-16-3-5\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"#next-js-16-traps-verified-on-16-3-5\",\"className\":\"block py-0.5 pr-2 text-fg-muted transition-colors duration-(--duration-fast) hover:text-fg pl-4\",\"children\":\"Next.js 16 traps (verified on 16.3.5)\"}]}],[\"$\",\"li\",\"structured-data-policy\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"#structured-data-policy\",\"className\":\"block py-0.5 pr-2 text-fg-muted transition-colors duration-(--duration-fast) hover:text-fg pl-4\",\"children\":\"Structured data policy\"}]}],[\"$\",\"li\",\"robots-txt-and-ai-policy\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"#robots-txt-and-ai-policy\",\"className\":\"block py-0.5 pr-2 text-fg-muted transition-colors duration-(--duration-fast) hover:text-fg pl-4\",\"children\":\"robots.txt and AI policy\"}]}],[\"$\",\"li\",\"llms-txt-and-markdown-mirrors-cheap-extras-info-level\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"#llms-txt-and-markdown-mirrors-cheap-extras-info-level\",\"className\":\"block py-0.5 pr-2 text-fg-muted transition-colors duration-(--duration-fast) hover:text-fg pl-4\",\"children\":\"llms.txt and Markdown mirrors (cheap extras, info level)\"}]}],[\"$\",\"li\",\"content-that-gets-cited\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"#content-that-gets-cited\",\"className\":\"block py-0.5 pr-2 text-fg-muted transition-colors duration-(--duration-fast) hover:text-fg pl-4\",\"children\":\"Content that gets cited\"}]}],[\"$\",\"li\",\"verify\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"#verify\",\"className\":\"block py-0.5 pr-2 text-fg-muted transition-colors duration-(--duration-fast) hover:text-fg pl-4\",\"children\":\"Verify\"}]}]]}]]}]}]}]\n37:[\"$\",\"footer\",null,{\"className\":\"mt-16 border-t border-line-subtle pt-8 pb-20\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"flex flex-wrap items-center justify-between gap-3 font-mono text-xs text-fg-muted\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"span\",null,{\"children\":[\"Updated \",[\"$\",\"time\",null,{\"dateTime\":\"2026-09-16\",\"children\":\"16 Sept 2026\"}]]}],[\"$\",\"span\",null,{\"className\":\"flex gap-4\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"/docs/seo.md\",\"className\":\"hover:text-fg\",\"children\":\"View as Markdown\"}],[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://github.com/ParthKapoor-dev/design/blob/main/skills/seo/SKILL.md\",\"rel\":\"noopener noreferrer\",\"className\":\"hover:text-fg\",\"children\":\"Edit on GitHub\"}]]}]]}],[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"mt-8 grid gap-3 sm:grid-cols-2\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"$La\",null,{\"href\":\"/docs/speed/rendering-smoothness\",\"className\":\"press group flex flex-col gap-1 rounded-lg border border-line-subtle p-4 transition-colors duration-(--duration-fast) hover:border-line-strong\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"span\",null,{\"className\":\"label-mono flex items-center gap-1.5 text-fg-muted\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"svg\",null,{\"aria-hidden\":true,\"viewBox\":\"0 0 16 16\",\"fill\":\"none\",\"stroke\":\"currentColor\",\"strokeWidth\":1.5,\"className\":\"size-3\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"path\",null,{\"d\":\"M13 8H3.5M7.5 4l-4 4 4 4\",\"strokeLinecap\":\"round\",\"strokeLinejoin\":\"round\"}]}],\" Previous\"]}],[\"$\",\"span\",null,{\"className\":\"text-sm text-fg\",\"children\":\"speed: rendering smoothness\"}]]}],[\"$\",\"$La\",null,{\"href\":\"/docs/seo/ai-crawlers\",\"className\":\"press group flex flex-col items-end gap-1 rounded-lg border border-line-subtle p-4 text-right transition-colors duration-(--duration-fast) hover:border-line-strong\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"span\",null,{\"className\":\"label-mono flex items-center gap-1.5 text-fg-muted\",\"children\":[\"Next \",[\"$\",\"svg\",null,{\"aria-hidden\":true,\"viewBox\":\"0 0 16 16\",\"fill\":\"none\",\"stroke\":\"currentColor\",\"strokeWidth\":1.5,\"className\":\"size-3\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"path\",null,{\"d\":\"M3 8h9.5M8.5 4l4 4-4 4\",\"strokeLinecap\":\"round\",\"strokeLinejoin\":\"round\"}]}]]}],[\"$\",\"span\",null,{\"className\":\"text-sm text-fg\",\"children\":\"seo: ai crawlers\"}]]}]]}]]}]\n2a:[[\"$\",\"meta\",\"0\",{\"charSet\":\"utf-8\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"1\",{\"name\":\"viewport\",\"content\":\"width=device-width, initial-scale=1\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"2\",{\"name\":\"theme-color\",\"content\":\"#020203\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"3\",{\"name\":\"color-scheme\",\"content\":\"dark\"}]]\n38:I[49310,[\"/_next/static/immutable/chunks/455sb5e0fgpzb.js\"],\"IconMark\"]\n28:null\n2c:[[\"$\",\"title\",\"0\",{\"children\":\"seo skill: findable by search engines, AI engines and agents | void\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"1\",{\"name\":\"description\",\"content\":\"SEO and GEO (AI search / answer-engine visibility) for websites. 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